克服挑战:对结直肠癌中新辅助疗法耐药性的全面审查
Alexandru Micu1,2, Andrei Diaconescu3,4, Corina-Elena Minciuna5,6
1Department of General Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.
Journal of gastrointestinal cancer
|October 15, 2025
概括
对直肠癌的新辅助疗法 (NAT) 显示了适度的生存改善. 了解分子耐药机制是改善治疗反应和患者结果的关键.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 大肠直肠癌 (CRC) 是癌症死亡的主要原因,直肠癌占病例的三分之一.
- 新辅助疗法 (NAT) 是局部晚期直肠癌的标准,但生存率的改善仍然很小.
- 准确评估NAT反应对于治疗决策至关重要,包括非手术性管理 (NOM).
研究的目的:
- 审查目前用于评估直肠癌中NAT反应的方法.
- 探索分子机制驱动对NAT的抗性.
- 突出了解这些机制对于个性化治疗策略的重要性.
主要方法:
- 在直肠癌中对NAT反应评估的文献综述.
- 影响NAT抗性的分子因素 (遗传,表观遗传,瘤微环境,微生物群) 的分析.
- 讨论当前和新兴的评估工具,如基于MRI的瘤回归分级 (mrTRG).
主要成果:
- NAT响应评估使用像MRI和组织病理学 (pTRG) 这样的工具.
- NAT抗性是多因素的,涉及遗传突变 (例如,RAS),MSI状态,表观遗传失调,瘤微环境因素 (缺氧,CAF) 和肠道微生物群.
- 瘤回归分级 (TRG) 系统有助于预测结果.
结论:
- 在直肠癌中对NAT的耐药性是一个复杂的挑战,由各种生物学因素驱动.
- 了解这些抵抗机制对于开发新的个性化治疗策略至关重要.
- 提高NAT疗效和克服耐药性对于提高直肠癌患者的生存率至关重要.
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