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在基于SPAD的dToF LiDAR中测距精度的性能极限
Hao Wu1,2, Yingyu Wang1, Shiyi Sun1
1Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou 310051, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2025
概括
这项研究推导出了直接飞行时间 (dToF) LiDAR 的Cramér-Rao下限,揭示了系统死亡时间和光子堆积如何降低距离精度. 它为基于SPAD的dToF系统提供最佳的操作参数.
科学领域:
- 光子学和光学工程的工程.
- 激光雷达技术 (LiDAR) 是一种技术.
- 信号处理 信号处理
背景情况:
- 单光子雪崩二极管 (SPAD) 探测器对于直接飞行时间 (dToF) LiDAR系统至关重要.
- 现有的理论框架缺乏对范围性能极限的全面理解,特别是在死亡时间和堆积效应方面.
研究的目的:
- 从理论上推导出dToF系统的克拉梅尔-拉奥下限 (CRLB),并结合死时效应.
- 为了对具有光子数解析能力的SPAD进行概括分析.
- 建立基于SPAD的dToF LiDAR性能限制的统一理论框架.
主要方法:
- 对于具有死时间的dToF系统,CRLB的理论导出.
- 对光子数分辨率SPAD的CRLB的概括.
- 通过蒙特卡洛模拟和最大概率估计进行验证.
主要成果:
- 堆积效应引入了距离和光子流速之间的统计合,降低了距离精度.
- 确定了最佳的光学光子流量,激光脉冲宽度 (≈0.56τ FWHM) 和ToF量子化分辨率.
- 理论上可以达到≈0.53τ/N的最佳精度,其中t是TDC分辨率,N是激光脉冲的数量.
- 光子数分辨率提供有限的性能改进,回报率下降.
结论:
- 该研究为基于SPAD的dToF LiDAR基本限制建立了一个统一的理论框架.
- 结果为优化dToF LiDAR系统中的操作点提供了具体的设计指南.
- 这项工作解决了关于dToF LiDAR中死时间和堆积效应的先前研究中的差距.
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