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在AM中利用机器学习进行孔隙预测,使用FDM用于预训练模型和过程开发
Khadija Ouajjani1, James E Steck2, Gerardo Olivares1
1National Institute for Aviation Research, Wichita, KS 67260, USA.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2025
概括
机器学习通过分析CT扫描来预测3D打印缺陷. 这种方法优化了沉积建模 (FDM) 的参数,减少了试错和改进了增材制造的质量控制.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
- 机械工程 机械工程
背景情况:
- 像沉积建模 (FDM) 这样的增材制造工艺具有众多参数,导致质量不一致,并需要广泛的试错优化.
- 机器学习 (ML) 提供了一种数据驱动的方法来预测和优化这些复杂的非线性关系.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种ML驱动的管道,用于预测FDM打印部件的孔隙缺陷.
- 评估几何缩放对缺陷预测准确性的影响.
- 量化工艺变化,以提高质量控制.
主要方法:
- 在两个几何尺度上3D打印样本,然后进行CT扫描以生成图像数据集.
- 训练一个ML图像分类器来识别有缺陷的与可利用的打印.
- 开发预处理脚本以提取多孔性特征.
- 在提取的特征上训练一个多层感知子 (MLP) 模型.
- 实施一个分组的k-fold交叉验证协议,以进行可靠的模型评估.
主要成果:
- 图像分类器在区分有缺陷的图像和可利用的图像方面取得了超过97%的准确性.
- 在较大的数据集中,MLP模型的准确性从54.4% (小规模) 增加到77.6% (大规模).
- 可重复性研究量化了本质过程变异性,平均毛孔度标准偏差为0.47%.
结论:
- 一个ML管道可以有效地预测FDM部件的孔隙缺陷,减少手工优化需求.
- 几何缩放显著影响缺陷形成和基于ML的预测模型的准确性.
- 开发的方法为增材制造中的强有力的质量控制提供了一个框架.
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