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黑色素瘤和Nevi的人口,形态和组织病理特征:从统计分析和机器学习模型的洞察力
Blagjica Lazarova1,2, Gordana Petrushevska3, Zdenka Stojanovska2
1Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, 2000 Shtip, North Macedonia.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2025
概括
精确的黑色素瘤分化依赖于临床和组织病理学数据. 机器学习模型有效地整合了这些因素,提高了黑色素细胞病变的诊断准确度.
科学领域:
- 皮肤病学 皮肤病学
- 计算病理学计算病理学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 区分黑色素瘤和良性瘤对于患者管理至关重要.
- 临床,形态和组织病理特征是关键的诊断指标.
- 需要先进的分析方法来完善诊断的准确性.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定与黑色素瘤相关的关键临床,形态和组织病理变量.
- 为了比较黑色素瘤分类的统计和机器学习方法.
- 开发一个强大的模型来支持皮肤病理学诊断.
主要方法:
- 使用综合参数对184种黑色细胞病变的评估.
- 在Jamovi中使用XLStat和多变量机器学习模型进行单变量分析.
- 通过交叉验证对五个监督算法 (随机森林,PLS,弹性网,CIT,KNN) 的比较.
主要成果:
- 无变量分析显示了年龄,病变大小,性别,位置和特定的组织病理特征的显著差异.
- 使用glmnet的多变量分析确定了细胞学变化,病变直径,表皮相互作用和细胞外矩阵特征作为关键预测因素.
- glmnet模型表现出高诊断性能,AUC为0.97,测试准确率为92.6%.
结论:
- 人口统计学,形态学和组织病理学数据对于分类黑色素细胞病变有价值.
- 机器学习,特别是glmnet模型,为诊断支持提供了可靠的框架.
- 整合结构化数据与机器学习可以提高皮肤病理学中的诊断能力.
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