心血管疾病个性化初级或二级预防的生物标志物:快速范围审查
Chantal Babb de Villiers1, Elena Plans-Beriso2,3, Chaitanya Erady1
1PHG Foundation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8RN, UK.
International journal of molecular sciences
|October 16, 2025
概括
生物标志物是早期心血管疾病 (CVD) 检测和个性化预防的关键. 研究强调了基因和生化标志物,以及人工智能集成,但对于更罕见的疾病存在差距.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 生物标志物研究 生物标志物研究
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球主要的死亡原因.
- 早期检测和个性化预防对于减少心血管疾病负担至关重要.
- 生物标志物对于风险识别和及时干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前关于生物标志物用于初级和二级心血管疾病预防的研究.
- 识别证据缺口和数字技术在心血管疾病生物标志物研究中的作用.
- 评估各种生物标志物类型在心血管疾病管理中的应用.
主要方法:
- 对Medline和Embase数据库的快速范围审查 (2020年1月 - 2023年2月).
- 遵守乔安娜·布里格斯研究所 (JBI) 和PRISMA-ScR指南.
- 包括775项调查分子,细胞,成像,生理和人类生物标志物的研究.
主要成果:
- 遗传和生化生物标志物是最受研究的,其次是成像和生理类型.
- 缺血性心脏病 (IHD) 和中风是研究最多的心血管疾病.
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地被整合起来,以增强生物标志物的预测能力.
结论:
- 遗传和生化生物标志物显示出对预防心血管疾病的重大前景.
- 对于不太常见的心血管疾病和新兴的分子生物标志物类型 (例如表观遗传学) 存在研究缺口.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分利用生物标志物和数字技术,以提供个性化的心血管疾病护理.
相关概念视频
01:19Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
535
Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
535
01:20Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers
786
Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
786
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
584
Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
584
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
876
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
876
01:23Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
752
A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
752
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
319
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
319