食物频率问卷以估计血液透析患者的饮食坚持:试点研究
Łukasz Czyżewski1, Agnieszka Stelęgowska2, Magdalena Durlik3
1Department of Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland.
Nutrients
|October 16, 2025
概括
血液透析 (HD) 患者的能量和蛋白质摄入量往往不足,特别是当调整为体重时. 他们的饮食中含有大量的和,需要个性化的营养指导.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學.
- 临床营养学 临床营养学
- 营养学 营养学 营养学
背景情况:
- 五期慢性病 (CKD) 或末期病 (ESRD) 需要替代疗法,通常是血液透析 (HD).
- 在ESRD中排泄功能受损需要饮食修改,以管理蛋白质能量浪费 (PEW) 并保持营养状况.
- 结构化的饮食对于HD患者的充足能量,蛋白质,电解质和液体平衡至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述接受维持血液透析 (HD) 的成年人习惯性饮食摄入量.
- 将饮食摄入量与已建立的KDOQI 2020和ESPEN 2021建议进行比较.
- 为了识别HD患者饮食中的潜在营养不足和过量.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及50名成年人进行维护性HD的横截面研究.
- 评估饮食摄入量使用经过验证的55项食物频率问卷.
- 与KDOQI和ESPEN指南相比,分析了能量,宏观营养素,纤维,电解质 (Na,K,Ca,P) 和液体摄入量.
主要成果:
- 一些患者的平均能量和蛋白质摄入量达到参考值,但灵敏度分析显示,体重较大 (>75公斤) 个体的每公斤缺陷.
- 习惯性饮食主要是脂肪 (~46%E) 低碳水化合物 (~40%E) 和低纤维 (约. 8g/1000卡路里) 的时间.
- 升高的 (大约. 1119 毫克/1000 千卡) 和 (大约. 观察到498毫克/1000卡路里),摄入较低的 (约. 346 毫克/1000 千卡).
结论:
- 尽管平均摄入量充足,但在HD患者中存在每公斤的能量和蛋白质不足,特别是那些体重较重的患者.
- 患HD患者饮食中的和含量升高对健康构成重大风险.
- 以电解质平衡,饮食多样性和心理社会支持为重点的个性化营养咨询对于优化HD患者的治疗结果至关重要.
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