动物狂犬病的监测和分析 - 中国,2004-2024年
Sheng Sun1, Jihong Ma2, Yu Xu3
1State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
China CDC weekly
|October 16, 2025
概括
中国中国中国中国.
科学领域:
- 兽医流行病学 兽医流行病学
- 动物传染病监测监测动物传染病监测
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 狂犬病是一种致命的动物性病毒性疾病,由狂犬病病毒 (RABV) 引起.
- 中国面临着高狂犬病风险,需要强有力的监测.
- 国家动物疾病监测和流行病学调查计划指导了控制工作.
研究的目的:
- 系统分析20年来中国动物狂犬病监测数据.
- 了解当前的狂犬病传播模式,并确定高风险地区.
- 为中国狂犬病的有针对性控制战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 使用直接光抗体测试 (FAT) 和实时RT-PCR,对疑似狂犬病病例进行确认诊断.
- 来自确诊病例 (2004-2024) 的流行病学数据的分析.
- 地理信息系统 (GIS) 绘制和统计评估传输模式.
主要成果:
- 在433例疑似病例中,有331例 (76.44%) 确诊为狂犬病阳性.
- 通过狗传播的狂犬病 (47.13%) 在南部地区普遍存在,对人类构成风险.
- 野生动物传播狂犬病 (52.87%),主要是由狐传播,影响北部地区的牲畜,特别是内蒙古.
结论:
- 在中国的狂犬病监测显示出不同的狗媒介和野生动物媒介的传播模式.
- 中国南部面临着持续的狗狂犬病威胁,而北方地区面临着新出现的野生动物狂犬病风险.
- 加强对国内和野生动物水库的监测和有针对性的疫苗接种对于控制狂犬病至关重要.
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