Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

8.8K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
8.8K
Testing a Claim about Population Proportion01:24

Testing a Claim about Population Proportion

3.9K
A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
3.9K
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

1.1K
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
1.1K
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

1.5K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
1.5K
Odds Ratio01:09

Odds Ratio

1.7K
The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...
1.7K
What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

17.3K
An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
17.3K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Efficacy and safety outcomes reported in human leptospirosis studies to inform the development of a core outcome and core outcome measurement set: A systematic review.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2026
Same author

The association between dietary diversity and depressive symptoms among adult population in rural Western Kenya.

The British journal of nutrition·2026
Same author

Six-Month Outcomes of a Trial of Potassium Supplementation Thresholds After Cardiac Surgery.

JAMA·2026
Same author

Effects of a school-based water and hygiene intervention on the health and attendance of preschool pupils in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Journal of epidemiology and community health·2026
Same author

Effect on birthweight of an antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation programme compared with iron-folic acid supplementation: a cluster-randomised, controlled trial in 85 698 Ethiopian women.

The Lancet. Global health·2026
Same author

The dolutegravir failure cohort: A multi-country longitudinal cohort with a randomised clinical trial of continued dolutegravir versus switch to darunavir in people with viraemia while on dolutegravir in Sub-Saharan Africa (The Ndovu Study) protocol.

PloS one·2026

相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

15.0K

在有二元结果的集群随机试验中,用于更合规的平均因果效应的实际推断.

Tansy Edwards1, Jennifer Thompson1, Charles Opondo2

  • 1MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Clinical trials (London, England)
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
概括

启动方法准确地估计了集群随机试验中合规者之间的干预效应,即使不合规. 该方法通过提供无偏见的疗效估计来支持治疗意图分析.

关键词:
坚持性 坚持性集群随机试验是指集群的随机试验.符合合规性的合规性是什么符合标准的平均因果效应.

更多相关视频

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

6.3K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.1K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

15.0K
The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

6.3K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.1K

科学领域:

  • 生物统计学 生物统计学
  • 临床试验方法论 临床试验方法论
  • 流行病学 流行病学

背景情况:

  • 在集群随机试验 (CRT) 中的不合规性可能导致在使用治疗意图 (ITT) 分析时低估干预效果.
  • 合规者平均因果效应 (CACE) 提供了公正的疗效估计,但在CRT中提出了推断挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 评估一个务实的引导方法来计算CRT中的CACE置信区间.
  • 在各种不合规和结果流行情景下评估该方法的性能.

主要方法:

  • 模拟的集群随机试验,不同不合规率 (5%-40%) 和相关的集群水平结果.
  • 采用启动方法,考虑聚类来估计CACE及其95%置信区间 (CI).
  • 评估的场景具有足够的集群为80%和90%的功率来检测0.5.5的ITT几率比率的ITT几率比.

主要成果:

  • 引导方法在所有不合规级别的CACE估计中显示了可以忽略的偏差.
  • 对于启动过程的置信区间,没有观察到不足的覆盖率.
  • 对于20-40%的结果患病率,置信区间足够宽,但对于不太常见的结果,太宽了.
  • 与ITT分析相比,功耗损失随着结果流行率的下降而增加,特别是低于20%.

结论:

  • 提议的启动拉链方法是可访问的,并且在计算上是有效的,用于在CRT中估计CACE.
  • 这种方法通过提供可靠的疗效估计,有效地支持治疗意图分析.
  • 它提供了一种有价值的工具,用于评估在集群研究设计中存在不合规的干预措施.