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相关概念视频

Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

1.7K
Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
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Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

1.3K
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
1.3K
Instinctive Drift01:05

Instinctive Drift

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Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling
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需要与动物进行训练吗?

Rachel E Hollyoak1, Chris L Foteff1, Alun Cameron1

  • 1Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures, Surgical (ASERNIP-S), Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Kent Town, South Australia, Australia.

ANZ journal of surgery
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
概括

在手术中使用动物模型的活组织训练 (LTT) 缺乏对模拟的优越性证据. 伦理考虑和成本效益应该指导在外科教育中使用LTT的决定.

关键词:
动物模型动物模型动物使用替代品活组织培训是活组织培训.合成模型的合成模型.

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Transition of Farm Pigs to Research Pigs using a Designated Checklist followed by Initiation of Clicker Training - a Refinement Initiative
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科学领域:

  • 医学教育 医学教育
  • 进行外科手术培训.
  • 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学

背景情况:

  • 活组织培训 (LTT) 一直是外科创伤教育的历史基石.
  • 虽然一些地区已经远离LTT,但某些专业课程仍然使用动物模型.
  • 本综述考察了临床医生的看法和以动物为基础的外科培训的有效性.

研究的目的:

  • 评估在外科教育中持续活组织培训 (LTT) 的适当性.
  • 为了比较动物模型与外科培训中的替代模拟方法的有效性.

主要方法:

  • 使用PubMed和谷歌学者进行了一项快速文献审查.
  • 由于所包含的研究的多样性,采用了叙事综合.

主要成果:

  • 在自我有效性,有效性或获得的知识方面,动物模型和模拟之间没有发现显著差异.
  • 一些专业,包括神经干预医生和儿科外科医生,更喜欢动物模型.
  • 发现缺乏直接证据支持LTT比其他替代品更有好处.

结论:

  • 与替代模拟模式相比,LTT的优势需要更强有力的证据.
  • 必须权衡道德成本和明确的教育优势与替代方法.
  • 需要进一步的理由来支持默认接受LTT的教育好处.