一个基于大型语言模型的框架,从科学文献中获取生命周期库存和环境影响数据
Avan Kumar1, Farshid Nazemi2, Hariprasad Kodamana3,4,5
1School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85288, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|October 16, 2025
概括
本研究介绍了Sustain-LLaMA,这是一个经过重新训练的大型语言模型 (LLM),用于自动化生命周期库存 (LCI) 数据检索以进行环境影响评估. 该工具提高了可持续性研究的准确性和效率.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
背景情况:
- 生命周期评估 (LCA) 依赖于准确的生命周期库存 (LCI) 数据.
- 获取LCI数据是资源密集型的,涉及文献评论和昂贵的数据库.
- 这阻碍了透明和高效的环境影响分析.
研究的目的:
- 使用重新训练的大型语言模型 (LLM) 开发一个系统框架,以自动化LCI数据检索.
- 帮助LCA从业人员获取科学文献中的LCI数据和环境影响信息.
- 提高环境影响评估的可扩展性和准确性.
主要方法:
- 一个三个阶段的框架:文档分类,LLaMA-2-7B预培训和问答模型微调.
- 由此产生的LLM,Sustain-LLaMA,应用于甲醇生产和塑料包装生命周期结束处理.
- 检索增强生成 (RAG) 用于数据提取.
主要成果:
- 对于分类模型 (0.850甲醇,0.952塑料包装) 的高精度.
- 问答模型获得了具有竞争力的F1分数 (0.823甲醇,0.855塑料).
- Sustain-LLaMA表现出与现有模型和数据库相比具有可比性或更高的性能.
结论:
- 拟议的框架有效地自动化了LCI数据检索,提高了LCA的效率.
- 可持续LLaMA为可持续性研究提供了一个可扩展和精确的工具.
- 这种方法支持化学和塑料行业在追求可持续性的过程中.
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