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相关概念视频

Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve01:29

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Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
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Social Traps01:41

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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Bystander Effect02:09

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The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
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Introduction to Vertical Curves01:24

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Vertical curves are parabolic transitions that connect different grades on highways and railroads, ensuring a smooth alignment between back and forward tangents. The back tangent represents the initial grade, while the forward tangent defines the subsequent grade. These curves can be symmetrical, with equal tangent lengths, or nonsymmetrical, with varying lengths. The key points defining a vertical curve include the Point of Vertical Intersection (P.V.I.), where the tangents meet; the Point of...
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
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在城市十字路口,当与骑自行车的人交叉路径时,驾驶员注意.

Christer Ahlström1, Katja Kircher2, Fredrik Johansson2

  • 1Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Accident; analysis and prevention
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
概括

司机经常在十字路口转时没有检查骑自行车的人,这是一个关键的安全监督. 这是一个系统性问题,而不是个别错误,需要改变以保护弱势道路使用者.

关键词:
注意力 注意力 注意力 注意力汽车与自行车之间的冲突.最少要求的注意力是最低的.视觉扫描可以进行视觉扫描.

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科学领域:

  • 交通安全 交通安全 交通安全
  • 驾驶过程中的人类因素
  • 城市流动性 城市流动性

背景情况:

  • 在城市十字路口的车辆与驾驶员的互动带来风险,特别是对骑自行车的人来说.
  • 司机经常在转时忽视检查从后面靠近的自行车手.
  • 现有的研究突出显示,司机对骑自行车者的视觉注意力存在差距.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查汽车驾驶员对从后面靠近的骑自行车者的视觉注意力,在城市没有信号的十字路口.
  • 为了确定影响司机对骑自行车者的过肩目光的因素.
  • 评估驾驶员特征和交叉路口复杂性的对骑自行车检测的影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用固定底座驾驶模拟器与扩展现实 (XR) 视觉系统进行360°沉浸.
  • 采用眼睛追踪技术来监控头部运动和越过肩膀的目光.
  • 招募了44名参与者,按城市自行车体验和驾驶风格分类.

主要成果:

  • 几乎一半 (47.8%) 的交叉路口接近显示不充分的检查自行车从后面骑行者.
  • 司机的特点 (经验,风格) 并不能始终预测骑自行车者检查的疏忽.
  • 所有驾驶员群体在检查后方接近的自行车手方面表现不佳,规则知识准确率仅为50%.

结论:

  • 没有检查骑自行车的人是一个系统性问题,不仅仅是由于个人驾驶员的错误.
  • 司机对检查骑自行车者的义务缺乏意识,导致了这个问题.
  • 系统性变化是必要的,以抵消偏见,并提高骑自行车者在十字路口的安全.