少了就是多了吗? 对MCQ选项数进行系统审查和网络元分析
Kannan Sridharan1, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan2
1Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. skannandr@gmail.com.
BMC medical education
|October 16, 2025
概括
三选项多选题 (MCQ) 的有效性和质量与具有更多选项的问题相似. 它们提供了效率优势,如更快的完成和更少的非功能分心因素 (NFDs).
科学领域:
- 医疗专业教育卫生专业教育
- 教育测量的教育测量.
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 多选题 (MCQ) 是健康科学教育的标准,因为它们具有可扩展性和客观性.
- 传统上,MCQ包含4-5个选项,但研究表明,较少的选项可以提高测试效率,而不会牺牲心理测量质量.
研究的目的:
- 系统地比较3,4和5选项MCQ的心理测量性能和效率.
- 为了评估学生的成绩,项目难度和歧视,响应时间,可靠性,以及非功能分心因子 (NFD) 的风险.
主要方法:
- 对相关研究进行系统审查和网络元分析 (NMA).
- 包括的研究比较了MCQ的心理测量结果与3选项,4选项或5选项格式.
- 随机效应NMA使用了Hedges的g和odds比率 (OR),使用GRADE方法来评估证据的确定性.
主要成果:
- 与5选项MCQ相比,3选项MCQ的学生得分更高,难度更大,完成时间更短,NFD风险更低.
- 在选项格式的歧视指数或可靠性系数中没有发现显著差异.
- 卫生科学研究表明,3和4选项的MCQ难度更高,3选项的MCQ比5选项的MCQ具有较低的NFD风险.
结论:
- 有3个选项的MCQ表现出与4或5个选项格式相比的有效性和心理测量质量.
- 效率提升包括减少响应时间和降低NFD风险.
- 鉴于证据的确定性非常低,研究结果需要谨慎解释,在采用之前建议进行本地验证.
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