在马拉松期间生理和生物力学变量的持久性
Ben Hunter1, Aldo Lena1, Daniel Muniz-Pumares2
1School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.
Journal of sports sciences
|October 17, 2025
概括
更持久的马拉松跑者在调节速度的步骤频率和步骤长度上表现出明显的变化. 这些生物力学模式可能表明耐疲劳,但它们是否是适应或固有的特征尚不清楚.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 耐久性,即抵御生理性恶化的能力,与马拉松表现有关.
- 了解耐久性和耐力赛期间的生物力学变化之间的关系对于优化性能和训练至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查马拉松期间生物力学参数的变化是否受到跑者耐久性的影响.
- 探索跑步者的特定生物力学变化,具有不同程度的耐久性.
主要方法:
- 在马拉松比赛期间,分析了69名跑步者的足部加速度计和心率 (HR) 监测器的数据.
- 生物力学参数 (硬度,使用率,步骤频率,步骤长度,运行速度) 和HR在5公里段被评估.
- 使用"解" (HR与跑步速度的比率) 来量化耐久性,将跑步者分为高,中等和低解组.
主要成果:
- 脱率高 (耐久性较低) 的跑步者表现出更大的生物力学恶化,在调节速度后变得微不足道.
- 低脱 (更持久) 的跑步者在整个比赛中显示了速度调整的步骤频率和步骤长度的独特变化.
- 耐久跑步者的这些独特模式表明,与疲劳耐力有潜在的联系.
结论:
- 耐久性影响马拉松跑步期间的特定生物力学调整,特别是在速度调整的步骤频率和长度方面.
- 耐久跑者观察到的模式可能反映了适应疲劳耐力或固有的弹性.
- 需要进一步的研究来区分提高耐久性的适应和跑步者的天生的弹性.
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