水生环境的分子流行病学:从采样到实施监测计划的挑战
Bradd Mendoza-Guido1, Jose R Montiel-Mora1, Cristina Ureña-Salazar1
1Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Frontiers in public health
|October 17, 2025
概括
分子工具提高了水中的病原体监测,但资源有限的环境面临挑战. 本综述探讨了有效的环境监测和公共卫生整合的障碍和解决方案.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 分子流行病学分子流行病学
背景情况:
- 废水中的病原体污染水环境,造成公共卫生风险.
- 分子工具提供灵敏,快速和特定的病原体检测.
- 低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 在卫生基础设施和高成本的环境监测技术方面扎.
研究的目的:
- 审查在资源有限的环境中应用分子技术进行基于水的流行病学监测的挑战.
- 突出从水生环境中取样和缩分析物的障碍.
- 讨论各种用于病原体检测的分子技术的可访问性和局限性.
主要方法:
- 对检测水传播病原体和抗菌素耐药性基因 (ARG) 的分子技术的审查.
- 检查环境采样和样本处理中的挑战.
- 传统的基于PCR的方法,高通量技术和新兴的便携式工具的概述.
主要成果:
- 采样水生环境在代表性和分析物度方面存在挑战.
- 基于PCR的技术广泛使用,但存在局限性,特别是在LMICs.
- 先进的和便携的分子工具为有限的基础设施设置提供了潜在的解决方案.
结论:
- 解决采样和技术获取方面的挑战对于将环境监测纳入LMICs至关重要.
- 环境数据可以将实验室研究和公共卫生实践联系起来,以实现可访问的病原体监测.
- 在资源有限的地区,开发具有成本效益和便携性的分子工具是加强基于水的流行病学的关键.
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