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由中国汽车供应链引发的全球隐藏材料流远远超过了最终的材料使用量
Binze Wang1, Qiance Liu2, Xin Ouyang3
1Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Nature communications
|October 17, 2025
概括
过渡到电动移动 (e-mobility) 产生了大量的隐藏物料流,超过了使用的资源的35倍. 这凸显了电动汽车 (EV) 采矿对环境的影响.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 供应链管理 供应链管理
背景情况:
- 转向电动交通对于减少温室气体排放至关重要.
- 这种转变大大增加了对矿物的需求,导致大量未使用的开采材料的"隐藏流".
- 与电池材料相比,这些隐藏的流量,包括超载,废岩和尾矿,未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 量化乘用车供应链的总材料需求 (TMR),重点关注隐藏的流量.
- 分析中国新能源汽车 (NEV) 的物质足迹,这是世界上最大的NEV市场.
- 评估与电动汽车转型相关的环境负担的全球分布.
主要方法:
- 开发一个全球矿场特定数据库.
- 实施基于供应链的框架来量化TMR.
- 使用中国新能源汽车 (NEV) 部门的案例研究分析.
主要成果:
- 一辆NEV产生的隐藏流量是传统车辆的三倍以上.
- 来自新能源汽车的隐藏流量超过最终使用的资源的35倍.
- 只有3%的提取材料用于汽车行业,48%的隐藏流量发生在生产国之外.
结论:
- 电动汽车的转型给除了温室气体减排之外的环境可持续性带来了重大挑战.
- 中国的新能源汽车转型造成了相当大的全球环境负担,原因是材料开采和隐藏的流量.
- 需要采用整体方法来平衡减排目标与电动移动转型中的其他环境影响.
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