在野生未成熟的黑猩猩中,非典型的工具和物体使用揭示了创新的发展途径
Iulia Bădescu1, Luseadra J McKerracher2, Daniel W Sellen3
1Département d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. iulia.badescu@umontreal.ca.
Scientific reports
|October 17, 2025
概括
年轻的黑猩猩创新新的行为,如玩娃娃和工具修改,为文化复杂性做出贡献. 创新的个体差异受性别和社会环境的影响,突出了不成熟个体在行为进化中的作用.
科学领域:
- 灵长类动物的行为
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 文化演变的文化演变.
背景情况:
- 创新对文化进化至关重要,但其发育起源和未成熟个体的作用仍未得到充分研究.
- 了解年轻灵长类动物如何出现新的行为,可以了解创新的进化途径.
研究的目的:
- 调查婴儿和青少年黑猩猩在产生新型物体用途和创新的作用.
- 评估对象使用和创新倾向的个体差异.
- 探索性和母亲经验对创新行为的影响.
主要方法:
- 在15个月内对36只婴儿和青少年黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) 进行67个物体使用的观察.
- 将对象的用途分类为典型或非典型,并分析新增,修改和上下文用途.
- 开发一个探索指数来量化对象使用频率,多样性和非典型性的个体差异.
主要成果:
- 近一半的观察到的对象使用是不典型的,偏离了成人规范.
- 记录了三个有效的创新:玩娃娃游戏,海绵,和剪叶要求运输.
- 在女性和多胞胎母亲的后代中观察到更高的探索指数得分,这表明基于性别和社会影响.
结论:
- 未成熟的黑猩猩在物种典型行为的边缘产生新奇性,具有不同的创新倾向.
- 对象游戏的宽容社会环境对于促进行为变化和创新途径至关重要.
- 未成熟个体的创新,如果传播,可以促进灵长类社会文化复杂性的积累.
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