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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

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肠脑强化:来自人类和动物研究的见解

Golnaz Arjmand1, Dana M Small2

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Research Institute of the Montreal University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.

Current opinion in neurobiology
|October 18, 2025
PubMed
概括

这项研究探讨了肠-大脑轴如何学习食物线索及其对身体的影响之间的关联. 这种学习通过强化机制优化饮食行为和新陈代谢.

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Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
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