获得功能的TREM2-T96K突变增加了阿尔茨海默病的风险,因为它损害了微质功能
Dominika J Pilat1, Hoang Le1, Dmitry Prokopenko1
1Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
Neuron
|October 18, 2025
概括
TREM2 T96K突变增加了阿尔茨海默病的风险,并损害了微质功能,特别是在女性身上. 这种功能获取突变影响了粉样蛋白斑块相互作用和转变为与疾病相关的微质细胞.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- TREM2基因在微质功能中起着至关重要的作用.
- 在TREM2中获得功能突变可以影响阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 风险.
- 之前的研究发现T96K是一种功能获取TREM2突变.
研究的目的:
- 研究TREM2 T96K突变对阿尔茨海默病风险的影响.
- 检查TREM2 T96K对微质行为和炎症通路的功能影响.
- 为了确定TREM2 T96K的影响是否取决于性别.
主要方法:
- 基于家族和病例对照样本的全基因组测序.
- 在雌性5xFAD小鼠中,对粉样斑块周围的微质细胞聚类的分析.
- 在小鼠模型和人类细胞培养物中测量可溶性TREM2水平.
- 评估粉样蛋白-β (Aβ) 的吸收和微质的细胞活动.
- 微质细胞的单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-seq).
- 对炎症途径基因表达的分析.
主要成果:
- TREM2 T96K突变与阿尔茨海默病风险增加有关.
- TREM2 T96K 减少了Aβ斑块周围的微质集,并损害了Aβ吸收,仅在雌性小鼠中.
- 这种突变在雌性小鼠和人类微质培养物中降低了可溶性TREM2水平.
- 在雌性小鼠中,TREM2 T96K阻碍了同居微质细胞向疾病相关微质细胞 (DAM) 的过渡.
- 观察到关键炎症通路 (IL-6/JAK/STAT3,补充剂,IFN-γ) 的下调.
结论:
- 在TREM2 T96K突变赋予阿尔茨海默病的风险.
- 根据性别,TREM2 T96K会对微质功能产生不利影响,包括Aβ清除和DAM过渡.
- 这些发现突显了TREM2变异在AD病变发生过程中的复杂作用,并表明了潜在的性别特异性治疗点.
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