[人工智能和无法解释的医疗解决方案的时代:在当今医学中导航算法不透明]
1Comité de Salud Global y Seguridad Humana, Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Medicina
|October 18, 2025
概括
医疗保健中的人工智能 (AI) 使用机器学习进行预测,但往往缺乏因果解释. 了解人工智能预测和医学解释之间的这种紧张关系对于有效的临床整合至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 正在通过机器学习和神经网络改变医疗保健,优化诊断和研究.
- 人工智能模型从数据中学习概率模式,与寻求因果解释的传统统计方法不同.
- 人工智能的复杂性和"算法不透明"与人类的临床推理形成鲜明对比,对医学构成挑战.
研究的目的:
- 检查人工智能中预测和解释之间的紧张关系的生物统计和概念基础.
- 将AI的预测方法与医学中的传统解释方法进行对比.
- 突出医生在统计和信息学方面发展新能力的需要.
主要方法:
- 对AI的预测建模与传统的统计推理进行比较分析.
- 检查临床决策中"算法不透明"所带来的认识论挑战.
- 对人工智能和人类推理中的推断过程和因果评估的审查.
主要成果:
- 人工智能模型优先考虑预测性能,而不是潜在的因果理解.
- 人工智能的不透明逻辑和医学历史上对解释性证据的依赖之间存在重大分歧.
- 这种差距需要医生掌握新的概念能力,以导航人工智能集成.
结论:
- 医学面临着一个认识论性挑战,即整合预测性AI工具,其内部逻辑往往无法获得.
- 医生需要对先进的统计和信息学有更深入的了解,才能在实践中批判性地使用人工智能.
- 了解AI的预测范式对于其负责任和有效地融入医疗保健和研究至关重要.
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