超越WEIRD的心理社会工作环境:对职位内容问卷的元分析和心理测量证据
Adrián García-Selva1, Beatriz Martín-Del-Río1, Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi2
1Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, University of Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.
Frontiers in psychology
|October 20, 2025
概括
职位内容问卷 (JCQ) 显示了跨文化对工作需求和控制的可靠和有效测量. 一个简洁的15项版本被验证为不同的人口,增强跨文化研究.
科学领域:
- 职业健康心理学 职业健康心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 心理社会工作环境,特别是工作需求控制支持 (JDCS) 模式,对员工的福祉和绩效至关重要.
- 关于JDCS测量工具的现有研究,如职位内容问卷 (JCQ),主要集中在西方,受过教育,工业化,富裕和民主 (WEIRD) 的国家,限制了概括性.
- 这种不平衡引起了人们对JCQ跨文化有效性和适用性的担忧.
研究的目的:
- 通过元分析来评估JCQ维度 (心理需求,工作控制) 在不同文化背景中的可靠性.
- 在一个大型,文化上独特的西班牙样本中,实证验证JCQ的新15项简短版本.
- 评估西班牙样本中跨人口变量中JCQ的测量不变性.
主要方法:
- 一项元分析综合了来自21项涉及WEIRD和非WEIRD种群的研究 (N=21,732) 的数据,以确定JCQ维度的内部一致性.
- 探索性结构方程建模 (ESEM) 用860名西班牙工人的样本来测试15项JCQ版本的因数结构,可靠性和测量不变性.
- 验证包括评估因数结构,复合可靠性,融合有效性和跨性别,职位水平和教育水平的测量不变性.
主要成果:
- 分析表明,对工作控制 (α=0.737) 和心理需求 (α=0.603) 的内部一致性中等至高,尽管在WEIRD人群中,工作控制的可靠性更高.
- 西班牙的验证支持了一个强大的四因素ESEM模型,具有出色的匹配性,并证明了跨性别,职位水平和教育背景的测量不变性.
- 西班牙样本中的所有维度都表现出强大的复合可靠性和趋同有效性.
结论:
- 该研究证实,JCQ的核心结构在不同的文化环境中是强大的和可靠的.
- 一个简洁,心理测量的15项JCQ版本适合在不同的社会文化背景下使用.
- 这项研究通过整合WEIRD和非WEIRD研究的发现,为更公平的心理测量实践做出了贡献,增强了JCQ的全球适用性.
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