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哥伦比亚男性和女性死亡率之间的差异:自1980年以来的基于人口的分析
Oscar Espinosa1, Adrian D Smith2, Valeria Bejarano1
1Economic Models and Quantitative Methods Research Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
Lancet regional health. Americas
|October 20, 2025
概括
在哥伦比亚,男性的死亡率明显高于女性,这一差距持续了几十年. 这种差异在较年轻的年龄组中尤为明显,并且与外部死亡原因有关,这凸显了有针对性的卫生政策的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
背景情况:
- 全球数据显示,女性的死亡率和预期寿命低于男性.
- 包括哥伦比亚在内的拉丁美洲的死亡率性别差异的证据有限.
- 哥伦比亚武装冲突和不平等的独特背景为研究基于性别的死亡率差异提供了关键的环境.
研究的目的:
- 分析哥伦比亚四十年来特定性别死亡率的长期趋势.
- 根据年龄组,死亡原因,地区和医疗保险来研究死亡率的变化.
- 了解哥伦比亚人口中持续存在的死亡率性别差距.
主要方法:
- 从1980年到2023年使用了哥伦比亚国家生命统计数据 (DANE) 和医疗保险记录 (BDUA).
- 根据经合组织的指导方针,计算了六个年龄组和20个死亡原因的年龄标准化死亡率.
- 使用李-卡特模型计算的死亡率比率 (MRRs),丧失的生命年数和预期寿命.
主要成果:
- 观察到持续且不断扩大的死亡率差距有利于女性.
- 男人死亡率从每10万人口中的591人降至437人,女性死亡率从每10万人口中的445人降至287人.
- 在15-59岁的年龄组中,由于外部原因造成的最大差异 (男性死亡率高达874%),在老年人中由于慢性疾病造成的最大差异. 受冲突影响的地区出现了最大的差距.
结论:
- 哥伦比亚基于性别的死亡率差距受暴力,社会不平等和医疗保健准入障碍的影响.
- 减少过度的男性死亡率需要针对暴力预防和社会不平等的性别响应性政策.
- 加强卫生系统对于减轻差距至关重要,特别是在年轻男性中.
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