结合人工智能和新的基因组技术来"微调"植物:风险评估中的挑战
Matthias Juhas1, Bernd Rodekohr2, Andreas Bauer-Panskus1
1Testbiotech e.V., Munich, Germany.
Frontiers in plant science
|October 20, 2025
概括
新的基因组技术 (NGT) 可以创建新的植物特征,即使是微小的遗传变化. 目前欧盟关于监管NGT工厂的提案可能会绕过对某些类别的基本环境风险评估,可能会忽视危险特征.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 新的基因组技术 (NGT) 通过改变小核酸序列来实现精确的植物特征修饰.
- 这些修改可以导致不可预测的结果和超出现有的基因库的新型基因型.
- 欧盟正在考虑对NGT工厂的监管提案,包括强制性风险评估的门.
研究的目的:
- 调查符合减少监管监管的特定标准的NGT工厂是否可能具有新的,对环境有害的特征.
- 举例说明NGT使用生成AI进行工厂设计所带来的监管挑战.
- 评估使用NGT植物调控的突变计数值的科学有效性.
主要方法:
- 对NGT应用和潜在的环境影响进行地平线扫描.
- 利用公开可用的生成人工智能来设计"微调"的NGT工厂.
- 开发一种杀虫剂玉米植物的遗传蓝图,作为原则证明.
- 分析与设计的NGT工厂相关的潜在风险,例如非目标毒性和耐药性发展.
主要成果:
- 生成性人工智能成功地被用于设计一种符合拟议的第1类NGT标准 (少于20个核酸变化) 的杀虫剂NGT玉米植物蓝图.
- 这种设计的工厂,尽管达到值,但可能具有需要风险评估的环境危险特征.
- 调查结果表明,没有科学合理的值存在,可以假设NGT的影响与常规育种相当.
结论:
- 拟议的欧盟对NGT植物的监管门 (基于突变数) 从科学上来说是不合理的.
- 不管NGT工厂经过多少次修改,它们可能会表现出意想不到的和潜在的危险特征.
- 未来的NGT法规应优先考虑个案风险评估,可追溯性和监测,以确保粮食安全和生物多样性保护.
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