与年龄相关的表现差异在一个分类的视觉食任务上的表现
Marianna Pope1, Joseph H R Maes1, Joukje M Oosterman1
1Donders Centre of Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University.
Psychology and aging
|October 20, 2025
概括
老年人显示较慢的视觉搜索和收集更少的目标,当分心是相似的. 尽管认知需求增加了,但他们适应了食策略来保持表现.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类因素 人类因素
背景情况:
- 老年人通常会减少视觉搜索和搜索任务的表现.
- 视觉搜索中的目标分散器相似性提供了对注意力和食策略的见解.
- 分类信息和食任务缺乏关于年龄相关差异的广泛研究.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用分类目标-干扰器相似性来调查与年龄相关的食任务差异.
- 检查目标-干扰器相似性如何影响视觉注意力和年轻人和老年人的食策略.
- 了解老年人所采用的适应性策略,他们面临着更高的认知控制需求.
主要方法:
- 在线食任务对年轻人 (18-35岁) 和老年人 (55-80岁) 进行.
- 参与者在高或低相似性类别中的分心因素中搜索特定类别的目标.
- 性能指标包括搜索速度,目标收集和搜索效率.
主要成果:
- 年长的成年人更慢,收集的目标较少,搜索效率较低,特别是在高度相似的条件下.
- 两个年龄组都表现出类似的食策略,在高度相似的条件下,利用率增加.
- 目标-分散注意力的相似性增加了注意力需求,特别是在老年人中,但探索-利用行为仍然相对稳定.
结论:
- 在分类视觉搜索性能中存在与年龄相关的差异.
- 年长的成年人适应食策略,比如收集更少的目标,以管理增加的认知负载.
- 研究结果突出了老年人适应认知控制要求在食任务的能力.
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