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博物馆基因组学表明,长期的人口下降在一个假定已灭绝的熊蜂熊蜂
Rena M Schweizer1,2, Jared A Grummer3, Kerrigan B Tobin1,4
1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322.
概括
富兰克林大黄蜂 (Bombus franklini) 经历了严重的人口下降,原因是遗传多样性和环境压力因素的历史低,比最近的人类影响更早. 博物馆基因组学揭示了其潜在的灭绝轨迹.
科学领域:
- 生态学和进化生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 全球授粉者减少对生态系统和农业构成重大威胁.
- 了解历史人口动态对于应对当代人口减少至关重要.
- 富兰克林大黄蜂 (Bombus franklini) 是一个正在衰退的授粉者的关键例子,最后一次见到是在2006年.
研究的目的:
- 重建可能已经灭绝的富兰克林大黄蜂的遗传和人口历史.
- 通过使用全基因组数据,调查导致其人口减少的因素.
- 评估博物馆标本对研究罕见物种历史的有用性.
主要方法:
- 博物馆标本的全基因组测序跨越了四十年.
- 分析异构性和同构性 (ROH) 的运行,以推断内生和种群结构.
- 人口重建和凝聚模拟以建模人口规模变化并检测最近的下降.
主要成果:
- 显著的低异构性和广泛的ROH模式表明了历史上的近亲繁殖.
- 人口重建表明,自普世后期以来,有效人口规模的下降,在过去400年中出现了加速下降.
- 基因组数据对病原体影响的证据很少,这表明环境压力因素和历史低遗传多样性是主要驱动因素.
结论:
- 富兰克林大熊蜂的灭绝脆弱性是由历史低的有效种群规模和遗传多样性加剧,加剧了环境随机性.
- 在最近的人类压力因素之前,该物种可能已经处于下降的轨迹上.
- 博物馆藏品是了解罕见和可能灭绝的物种的遗传和人口历史的宝贵资源.
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