热力学电路:在静止不平衡状态下,热电转换器的组合
Paul Raux1,2, Christophe Goupil2, Gatien Verley1
1IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405 Orsay, France.
Physical review. E
|October 21, 2025
概括
我们介绍了一个非平衡状态的热电转换器 (TEC) 的电路理论,它推导出非线性电流-力特性. 该框架允许对TEC网络进行分析,包括串行和并行联结,揭示并行配置中的循环电流等独特属性.
科学领域:
- 热力学是一种热力学.
- 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 电气工程 电气工程
背景情况:
- 热力学设备的电路理论的最新进展.
- 对于热电转换器 (TEC) 和它们的性能有所了解.
- 需要一个全面的框架来分析在不平衡条件下的TEC网络.
研究的目的:
- 将电路理论扩展到在静止不平衡状态下运行的热电转换器 (TEC) 网络.
- 为具有恒定热电特性的TEC导出非线性电流力特性.
- 通过使用矩阵加法来分析串行和并行TEC关联的行为.
主要方法:
- 在有限厚度上进行集成,从线性局部响应中得出非线性电流力特性.
- 导出一个不平衡导电矩阵来总结电流力特征.
- 适用于连续和并行TEC协会的电阻和导电矩阵加法.
主要成果:
- 通过整合线性局部响应,获得非线性电流力特性.
- 导电平衡矩阵得到导出,总结了设备的特性.
- 对系列TEC的分析揭示了电流依赖的边界条件和潜在的连续性要求.
- 对并行TEC的分析突出了循环电流的可能性,这种电流在串行配置中不存在.
结论:
- 开发的电路理论为分析不平衡的TEC网络提供了一个强大的框架.
- 导电矩阵有效地描述了TEC行为,使网络分析成为可能.
- 阐明了串行和并行TEC关联的不同行为,为设备设计和优化提供了洞察力.
相关概念视频
01:06Thermodynamic Systems
7.5K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
7.5K
01:20The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
3.7K
The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
Since the individual steps in a Carnot cycle can be reversed, the entire cycle is, thus, reversible. If a Carnot cycle is reversed, it becomes a Carnot refrigerator. It extracts heat Qc from a cold reservoir at...
Since the individual steps in a Carnot cycle can be reversed, the entire cycle is, thus, reversible. If a Carnot cycle is reversed, it becomes a Carnot refrigerator. It extracts heat Qc from a cold reservoir at...
3.7K
01:30The Carnot Cycle
4.0K
Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
What could be the theoretical limit to the efficiency of a heat engine? The...
What could be the theoretical limit to the efficiency of a heat engine? The...
4.0K
01:15Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
4.9K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other...
4.9K
01:21Path Between Thermodynamics States
3.9K
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
3.9K
01:14Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
6.8K
Experimentally, if object A is in equilibrium with object B, and object B is in equilibrium with object C, then object A is in equilibrium with object C. That statement of transitivity is called the "zeroth law of thermodynamics." For example, a cold metal block and a hot metal block are both placed on a metal plate at room temperature. Eventually, the cold block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium. In addition, the hot block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium.
6.8K