健康衰老中阿尔茨海默病的多基因风险:与年龄相关的和由APOE驱动的对大脑结构和认知的影响
Hao-Jie Chen1,2,3,4, Xinyi Dong1, Yichen Wang1,2,3
1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Genome medicine
|October 22, 2025
概括
阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的高多基因风险加快了健康个体的大脑衰老和认知能力下降. 这些影响随着年龄的增长而加剧,特别是通过结构性大脑变化影响记忆和执行功能.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 涉及神经退行和认知衰退,受APOE等基因的影响.
- 多基因风险评分 (AD-PRS) 评估了全基因组的AD风险,但它们对大脑结构和老化中的认知能力的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究AD-PRS与年龄有关的影响,对大脑结构和认知功能在认知不受损的个体.
- 为了确定结构性大脑变化是否调解多基因风险和不同年龄组的认知表现之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 分析英国生物库数据 (N=21,236),包括大脑灰质 (GM) 和白质 (WM) 完整性,以及认知测试.
- 使用贝叶斯方法和滑窗分析计算AD-PRS来评估与年龄相关的多基因效应.
- 调解分析以探索基因认知关系,并使用自定义PRS (带有和没有APOE区域) 进行复制.
主要成果:
- 高AD-PRS与加速的GM缩 (海马体,丘脑),心室体积增加和WM完整性降低 (,环) 相相关.
- 多基因效应显示与年龄相关的放大,在75岁及以上的个体中最为明显.
- 升高的AD-PRS与较差的认知表现有关,由结构性大脑变化介导,特别是在晚年衰老中.
结论:
- 阿尔茨海默氏病的高多基因风险与健康衰老中的加速认知衰退有关,这种衰老是由海马体 - thalamus和连接WM通道的结构变化介导的.
- 这些发现提供了对早期AD病变的见解,并支持针对高风险个体的年龄查和干预.
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