狂犬病的延迟 在国外进行暴露后预防
Marjolein de Feij1, Floriana S Luppino2, Leo G Visser3
1Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Journal of travel medicine
|October 22, 2025
概括
需要狂犬病暴露后预防 (PEP) 的旅行者经常面临延误,特别是那些需要狂犬病免疫球蛋白 (RIG) 或前往美洲的旅行者. 针对目的地的具体建议对于及时预防狂犬病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 旅行 医学 旅行 医学
- 预防传染病 预防传染病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 与动物相关的伤害 (AAI) 对旅行者构成狂犬病风险.
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 建议在AAI发生后24小时内进行暴露后预防 (PEP).
- 发生显著的PEP延迟 (60%),导致健康风险和焦虑.
研究的目的:
- 确定导致海外旅行者暴露后预防 (PEP) 延迟的因素.
- 分析像狂犬病免疫球蛋白 (RIG) 这样的特定治疗对PEP时间表的影响.
- 了解PEP访问和及时性的地理差异.
主要方法:
- 使用荷兰旅行者病例记录 (2019-2024) 进行定量观察研究.
- 分析来自欧元跨境援助数据库的数据.
- 多变量后勤回归用于识别与PEP延迟相关的因素.
主要成果:
- 59.4%的需要PEP的旅行者经历了延误.
- 与东南亚相比,与需要RIG和前往美洲,欧洲,非洲,东地中海和西太平洋地区的旅行相关的延迟几率更高.
- 相互矛盾的医疗建议和治疗不可用是延迟的主要原因;由于缺乏RIG,7.8%的旅行者被遣返.
结论:
- 前往中美洲和南美洲的旅行者面临PEP延迟的最高风险,通常是由于RIG可用性问题和相互矛盾的医疗建议.
- 需要特定于目的地的暴露前预防建议.
- 提高PEP的及时性可以提高国际旅行者的狂犬病预防结果.
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