自闭症患者在刑事司法系统中对错误的理解
Molly Kernahan1, Nathan Weber2, Alliyza Lim2
1College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia. molly.kernahan@flinders.edu.au.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|October 22, 2025
概括
自闭症成年人对刑事错误的推理较低,特别是当意图和伤害不明时. 提供这些信息减少了推理差距,建议它.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特点是社会沟通缺陷和兴趣受限.
- 心理理论 (ToM) 的困难在ASD中很常见,影响推断心理状态的能力,如意图.
- 了解犯罪行为中的错误性包括评估意图和伤害,这对有ToM缺陷的个人来说可能具有挑战性.
研究的目的:
- 调查自闭症和ToM能力如何影响关于犯罪行为的错误性推理.
- 确定是否提供关于故意性和伤害的明确信息可以减轻这些推理差异.
- 测试ToM调解自闭症和推理之间的关系,当没有意图/伤害信息时的假设.
主要方法:
- 在57名非自闭症和55名自闭症成年人中评估了ToM和推理能力.
- 参与者对不同程度的缺席/存在意图和伤害信息的犯罪情景进行了推理.
- 推理反应的得分是基于包含意图和伤害细节.
主要成果:
- 与非自闭症对照组相比,自闭症参与者表现出较低的推理得分.
- 当没有意图/伤害信息时,推理差距仍然存在,ToM没有调解效果.
- 包括危害信息显著减少了两组之间的推理能力差距.
结论:
- 自闭症患者在评估错误时,可能会直觉上很难考虑故意或伤害.
- 明确地告知自闭症患者关于意图和潜在伤害的信息,可以改善他们对错误行为的推理.
- 对一些自闭症个体来说,预测行为结果可能不是一个直观的过程.
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