1948-2015年俄罗斯玛雅克工人队列中的白血病,淋巴瘤和多发性髓瘤死亡率
Mikhail E Sokolnikov1, Daniel O Stram2, Dale L Preston3
1Division of Epidemiology, Southern Ural Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Russian Federation.
Radiation research
|October 22, 2025
概括
这项对玛雅克工人的研究发现,长时间暴露于辐射会增加白血病的风险,特别是急性髓性白血病. 最高的风险与死亡前2-5年的暴露有关,随着年龄的增长而下降.
科学领域:
- 辐射流行病学 辐射流行病学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 急性辐射暴露与白血病增加有关,但长期职业暴露的风险不太了解.
- 玛雅克工人队列为研究长期,低剂量辐射效应提供了一个独特的数据集.
- 之前的研究已经检查了这一队列中的白血病死亡率,因此需要更新分析,以更长的随访时间和精细的剂量估计.
研究的目的:
- 在俄罗斯玛雅克工人队伍中研究白血病死亡率 (不包括慢性淋巴细胞白血病,CLL) 的剂量反应关系.
- 评估长期外部马射线和内部暴露对白血病风险的影响.
- 分析暴露后的时间,所达到的年龄和暴露时的年龄对辐射相关白血病风险的影响.
主要方法:
- 在1948年至2015年期间,对25757名马雅克工人的队列进行了利用过度相对风险 (ERR) 和过度绝对率 (EAR) 模型的跟踪.
- 包括对外部马和内部α粒子暴露的红骨髓剂量估计.
- 评估剂量不确定性和效果变化根据年龄和暴露后的时间.
主要成果:
- 观察到非CLL白血病死亡率显著增加的风险,主要与外部辐射暴露有关.
- 每个单位剂量的最高风险与风险时间前2-5年获得的暴露有关,与已达到的年龄有复杂的相互作用.
- 没有发现有意义的证据表明慢性淋巴细胞白血病,淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤或内部暴露的风险增加.
结论:
- 长时间的职业辐射暴露,特别是外部马射线,在玛雅克工人队伍中显著增加了白血病死亡风险.
- 白血病风险受到相对于死亡的暴露时间的影响,并且随着年龄的增加而降低.
- 这些发现突显了长期暴露导致的辐射诱导白血病风险的复杂性,并为职业辐射保护标准提供了信息.
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