结核病后发病率及其相关死亡率:从挑战转向解决方案
Jinyu Wang1, Bo Yuan2, Yuanyuan Fang1
1School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
概括
结核病幸存者面临长期的肺损伤和其他疾病的风险增加,导致更高的死亡率. 解决这些结核病后的发病率对于改善幸存者的生活质量和减少公共卫生负担至关重要.
科学领域:
- 肺病学和传染病的研究
- 公共卫生流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 治疗已减少病例死亡率,但仍有1.55亿幸存者,其中5800万残疾调整寿命年 (DALYs) 与结核病后阶段有关.
- 结核病幸存者经历了持续的肺损伤,功能下降和炎症,增加了对COPD,阿斯伯吉洛症,支气管切除症和COVID-19等疾病的易感性.
- 除了呼吸道问题之外,结核病幸存者患癌症和心血管疾病的风险更高,心理和社会经济状况更差,导致死亡率明显增加.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关结核病后发病率,风险因素和管理的当前知识.
- 为了确定主要的结核病后发病率和相关死亡率.
- 为减轻后结核病状况对公共卫生的影响提供干预和研究优先事项的信息.
主要方法:
- 关于结核病后发病率现有证据的叙述性审查.
- 确定导致长期健康后果的关键风险因素.
- 综合有关管理策略和研究差距的信息.
主要成果:
- 与结核病相关的DALY的很大一部分发生在治疗后.
- 关键的风险因素包括延迟/不完整的治疗,残留的肺损伤和长期的炎症.
- 结核病后的发病率包括一系列肺部和非肺部疾病,以及心理和社会经济方面的挑战.
结论:
- 结核病后的发病率是一个重大的和持续的公共卫生挑战.
- 需要有针对性的干预措施,如宿主导疗法,戒烟,肺部康复和查方案.
- 进一步的研究是有必要的,以优化管理和减少结核病幸存者的死亡率.
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