斑点 (Lycorma delicatula) 对植物防御系统的绑定以及对禽类捕食者的影响
Anne E Johnson1, Allison Cornell2, Fang Zhu3
1Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA, 16802, USA. aej5228@psu.edu.
Journal of chemical ecology
|October 22, 2025
概括
侵袭性斑点灯 (Lycorma delicatula) 当它从天堂树 (Ailanthus altissima) 中隔离毒素时,对鸟类的口感不佳. 这表明,从宿主植物中获得的化学防御可以保护灯免受鸟类捕食者的侵害.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
- 化学生态化学生态学
背景情况:
- 斑点灯 (Lycorma delicatula) 是美国的入侵性昆虫,对农业和自然生态系统构成重大威胁.
- 莱科尔玛精细主要以入侵性植物天堂树 (Ailanthus altissima) 为食,并从中吸收有毒的类类化合物.
研究的目的:
- 调查Ailanthus altissima的类类捕获对禽类捕食者对Lycorma delicatula的掠食的影响.
- 为了确定从宿主植物中获得的化学防御是否会影响涉及Lycorma delicatula的捕食者-猎物相互作用.
主要方法:
- 在与Ailanthus altissima接触或不接触的情况下养的幼虫Lycorma delicatula被呈现给巢房 (Troglodytes aedon).
- 成人Lycorma delicatula与或没有Ailanthus altissima接入一起养,被纳入蛋糕中,并提供给养器中的鸟类,通过踪迹摄像头观察养.
- 在各种Lycorma delicatula组织中鉴定和量化了包括Ailanthone在内的四类化合物.
主要成果:
- 与那些没有获得Ailanthus altissima的家庭相比,家庭消耗的Lycorma delicatula的比例较低.
- 鸟类对含有成年Lycorma delicatula的,以Ailanthus altissima.为食,对它们的食兴趣显著减少.
- 在Lycorma delicatula的唾液腺体中发现了高度的类类物质,这表明它们来自Ailanthus altissima.
结论:
- 从Ailanthus altissima中分离出有毒的类类物质,为Lycorma delicatula提供了对禽类掠食的化学防御.
- 这一发现凸显了宿主植物化学在入侵性昆虫物种生存和传播中的作用.
相关概念视频
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
21.0K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
21.0K
02:26Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores
29.5K
Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
29.5K
02:40Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores
16.5K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
16.5K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
23.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
23.0K