求职者的技能和求职行为
Conny Wunsch1,2,3,4, Felix Rochlitz5, Patrick Arni2,4,6,7,8,9
1Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Basel, Peter Merian Weg 6, PO Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
Swiss journal of economics and statistics
|October 23, 2025
概括
技能差距较大的求职者,特别是缺乏数字技能的女性和老年人,面临更高的风险. 许多人不愿意接受更低的工资或改变技能要求,但将搜索量身定制为他们现有的个人资料.
科学领域:
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 劳动社会学工作的社会学.
- 人力资源发展 人力资源发展
背景情况:
- 现代劳动力市场的特点是快速变化的技能要求.
- 了解求职者的技能,技能差距和搜索行为对于有效的就业服务至关重要.
- 现有的数据往往缺乏详细的洞察力,无法了解不同求职者群体面临的具体技能概况和挑战.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用新的链接数据,分析求职者的技能并确定潜在的技能差距.
- 调查求职行为,包括愿意适应技能要求并接受工资变化.
- 告知决策者和公共就业服务机构在不断变化的劳动力市场中为求职者提供支持.
主要方法:
- 利用了瑞士求职者的新型链接调查和行政数据.
- 分析了调查参与者的样本,他们的教育和就业前景比一般求职人口更好.
- 检查了人口因素,教育,经验和识别的技能差距之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 女性和老年求职者面临更高的风险,缺乏必要的数字技能.
- 低学历和有限的工作经验是缺乏专业和跨学科技能的重要风险因素.
- 求职者表现出不太愿意偏离以前的工作技能要求,不愿意接受工资削减.
- 找到了技能差距的求职者,将他们的搜索行为战略性地定制为他们现有的技能.
结论:
- 需要有针对性的干预措施来解决特定技能缺口,特别是女性和老年工人的数字技能.
- 在设计支持策略时,就业服务部门应该考虑求职者不愿在技能和工资方面做出妥协.
- 了解求职者如何根据技能配置文件调整他们的搜索是促进在动态劳动力市场成功重新就业的关键.
相关概念视频
01:29Factors Influencing Attraction V: Social Skills
538
Social skills play a crucial role in shaping interpersonal interactions and enhancing individuals' ability to navigate various social environments successfully. These skills contribute to personal and professional success, influencing how others perceive and treat individuals. High social skills provide distinct advantages in numerous settings, including romantic relationships, politics, and legal proceedings. In courtroom settings, for instance, defendants who exhibit strong social skills are...
538
01:31Confirmation Biases
7.6K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
7.6K
02:12Relationship Formation
45.2K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
45.2K
01:12Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation
191
Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...
191
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.9K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.9K
02:05Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
43.5K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
43.5K