在部署后的军事人员中,嗅觉功能障碍与创伤性脑损伤和创伤后压力症状
Robert D Shura1,2,3, Treven C Pickett1,4,5, Jacob Powell5
1Neurocognition Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MA-MIRECC), Durham, NC, United States.
Frontiers in neurology
|October 23, 2025
概括
创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 史与退伍军人的嗅觉功能下降有关. 在这项研究中,创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状没有显著影响嗅觉识别.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 军人卫生保健 军人卫生保健
- 嗅觉研究 嗅觉研究
背景情况:
- 嗅觉功能障碍可能是由于神经网络损伤导致的创伤性脑损伤 (TBI).
- 嗅觉可能会受到创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的影响,通过重新体验症状.
- 创伤和创伤后应激障碍在军人和退伍军人中很普遍,因此需要研究它们的重叠影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试 (UPSIT) 在区分TBI和PTSD症状负担方面的实用性.
- 评估军事人员和退伍军人TBI和PTSD和没有的嗅觉功能.
主要方法:
- 276名部署后退伍军人完成了UPSIT,并接受了TBI史和PTSD症状 (PCL-M,ARD-T) 的评估.
- 参与者根据TBI病史 (+TBI与-TBI) 和PTSD症状严重程度 (+PTSD与-PTSD) 进行分组.
- 组对比分析了UPSIT分数,以确定TBI和PTSD的影响,以及PTSD是否具有超越TBI的影响.
主要成果:
- 创伤病史与显著较低的UPSIT分数有关,尽管影响规模很小.
- 嗅觉功能的下降主要是由中度/重度TBI病例驱动的.
- 在轻度TBI的数量或PTSD症状的存在与UPSIT分数之间没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 嗅觉识别能力在TBI病史患者中降低,这表明在评估TBI相关需求方面具有潜在的实用性.
- 显著的PTSD症状并没有改变退伍军人的嗅觉能力,无论TBI状态如何.
- 嗅觉测试可以帮助识别需要进一步评估和治疗TBI的退伍军人.
相关概念视频
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure
11.2K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
11.2K
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
475
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
475
Olfaction
48.1K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
48.1K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway
12.3K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
The olfactory...
12.3K
Dissociative Disorders
464
Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
464
Traumatic Memory
540
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
540


