太阳能电子废物挑战:赞比亚的非正式处置,假冒技术和低素养的案例研究
Hillary Chanda1, Eugene Mohareb2, Michael Peters2
1University of Reading, (School of the Built Environment, Department of Sustainable Energy, Environment and Engineering), United Kingdom; The Copperbelt University, (School of Business - Business Administration Department), Zambia.
Journal of environmental management
|October 23, 2025
概括
撒哈拉以南非洲地区的非电网太阳能增长带来了电子废物挑战. 赞比亚的非正式处置损害健康和生态系统,需要制定更好的政策和提高消费者对可持续太阳能的认识.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 可再生能源政策可再生能源政策
- 废物管理 废物管理
背景情况:
- 离网太阳能光伏 (PV) 系统正在撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 迅速扩大,增强农村电气化.
- 这种增长带来了重大的环境挑战,因为太阳能电子废物 (电子废物) 的寿命终止处置.
- 在赞比亚,数以百万计的寿命短的太阳能设备创造了一个不断增长的,不受监管的电子废物流,超过90%的电子废物是可以修复的,但没有维护的.
研究的目的:
- 在赞比亚农村地区研究非正式的太阳能电子废物处置对环境的影响.
- 通过农村发展利益相关者混合采用模型 (RUDSHAM) 调查导致废物处理不良的因素,包括假冒技术,低识字率和非正式市场动态.
主要方法:
- 在2022年10月至2025年5月期间,在赞比亚四个农村地区进行了实地调查.
- 包括28次采访和2次聚焦小组讨论与当地利益相关者.
- 分析的重点是确定电子废物管理不善的驱动因素.
主要成果:
- 埋葬和焚烧等非正式的处置做法对生态系统和人类健康构成风险.
- 确定的主要驱动因素包括政策不足,假冒太阳能进口,贫困和消费者意识低.
- 该研究强调,大多数废弃的太阳能产品在技术上是可以修复的.
结论:
- 在赞比亚,迫切需要制定国家电子废物政策,以管理太阳能废物.
- 建议包括加强边境管制,正式化非正式市场,并实施基于社区的太阳能识字计划.
- 强调需要基于生命周期的太阳能废弃物战略,以在低收入,离网环境中获得可持续能源.
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