从预测到理解:人工智能基础模型会改变大脑科学吗?
1Departments of Cognitive & Psychological Sciences and Computer Science, Carney Center for Computational Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Neuron
|October 23, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 基础模型准备彻底改变神经科学. 成功取决于将人工智能从简单的预测转变为解释神经机制和认知.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 深度学习,由广泛的数据提供动力,已经显著提升了人工智能 (AI),并越来越多地影响科学研究.
- 人工智能在神经科学中的变革潜力在很大程度上仍未得到充分利用,需要对其未来影响进行专注的审查.
研究的目的:
- 确定人工智能基础模型在哪些条件下可以显著推进神经科学.
- 概述从预测性AI应用到神经科学中的解释性模型的战略转变.
主要方法:
- 人工智能基础模型的概念分析及其对神经科学的适用性.
- 确定将人工智能整合到神经研究中的关键成功因素.
- 为将计算方法与神经机制联系起来的框架开发.
主要成果:
- 人工智能基础模型为了解神经活动和认知提供了前所未有的机会.
- 需要一个范式的转变,超越预测,在人工智能驱动的神经科学中解释.
- 人工智能影响的关键条件包括数据可访问性,模型可解释性和跨学科合作.
结论:
- 人工智能基础模型预计将通过对大脑的更深入理解来改变神经科学.
- 人工智能在神经科学中的未来在于它能够解释神经活动和认知功能背后的机制.
- 实现这种转型需要共同努力,开发和应用结合计算和神经生物学的AI模型.
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