研究基于草或玉米的饮食与3-氧醇对乳牛发酵和甲排放动态以及小肠微生物群的相互作用
Sanne van Gastelen1, Jan Dijkstra2, Sven J J Alferink2
1Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Journal of dairy science
|October 23, 2025
概括
补充乳牛饮食中的3-氧醇 (3-NOP) 有效地降低甲排放,并改变乳头发酵. 基于玉米料的饮食增强了这些效应,影响了营养素的消化能力和牛奶蛋白质含量.
科学领域:
- 动物的营养和新陈代谢
- 环境科学与排放问题
- 微生物组研究的研究.
背景情况:
- 饮食成分会影响乳牛的功能和温室气体排放.
- 3-氧醇 (3-NOP) 是一种料添加剂,可以减轻甲的产生.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究基础饮食 (草与玉米料) 和3-NOP补充剂在肠微生物群,气体排放和发酵之间的相互作用.
- 了解3-NOP对甲减少和营养利用的影响背后的机制.
主要方法:
- 使用4x4拉丁方形设计,使用8只荷尔斯坦-弗里斯牛,采用2x2的饮食因数排列 (草与玉米料) 和3-NOP水平 (0或80毫克/公斤).
- 测量包括呼吸室中的气体排放 (CH4,H2),反动物发酵参数 (VFA) 和明显全道消化率 (ATTD).
主要成果:
- 3-NOP显著降低了甲产量 (-18.4%) 和强度 (-19.4%),同时增加了产量和强度.
- 基于玉米料的饮食,特别是3-NOP,与草料的饮食相比,在甲的数量减少和气排放的增加更大.
- 观察到DM,OM和GE的ATTD的相互作用,这些相互作用在没有3-NOP的玉米料中较低,3-NOP的玉米料中CP消化能力更高.
- 饮食变化影响了牛奶蛋白质和脂肪含量,乳头挥发性脂肪酸概况转向酸和丁酸盐.
结论:
- 3-NOP有效地降低了奶牛的肠道甲排放量,在基于玉米料的饮食中可能有更强大的效果.
- 这项研究表明,3-NOP改变了小麦芽的微生物代谢,减少了甲基生成,并通过伍德-Ljungdahl通路促进了乙基生成.
- 涉及基础饮食成分和3-NOP补充剂的饮食策略可以调节乳头功能,营养消化能力和气体排放.
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