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通过在美国玉米带的繁殖进步,玉米产量和抗干旱能力的同时改善

Haidong Zhao¹, Jesse B Tack², Gerard J Kluitenberg¹

¹Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS, USA.

Nature communications

|October 23, 2025

概括

玉米育种创新提高了美国玉米带的产量和抗干旱能力. 新的杂交品种显示出显著减少干旱产量损失的潜力,在变暖的气候下增强粮食安全.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
植物育种植物育种
适应气候变化适应气候变化

背景情况:

玉米 (Zea mays L.) 生产面临着全球日益严重的干旱压力,气候变化加剧了这种压力.
有限的现场数据存在于玉米在不同环境中的同时产量和抗干旱能力的改善.
了解干旱耐受性的遗传和生理基础对于未来的作物发展至关重要.

研究的目的:

在不同的环境条件下量化玉米产量和抗干旱能力的同步改进.
评估育种创新对玉米抵御干旱压力的影响.
在不断变化的气候场景下,预测新的玉米杂交品种未来的表现.

主要方法:

在美国玉米带 (2000-2020年) 编制了92,096个混合试验观测的大数据集.
利用环境指数方法分析跨条件的产量表现.
采用线性混合效应建模来评估谷物填充期间的抗干旱能力.

主要成果:

在各种环境条件下,玉米的产量持续增加.
揭示了产量增长与增强的抗干旱能力有关.
预计到2100年,新的玉米杂交品种可以将干旱引起的产量损失减少17.8%,与较旧的杂交品种相比.

结论:

最近的玉米育种努力成功地提高了产量和耐旱性.
育种创新为提高玉米抗旱适应能力提供了一个有希望的策略.
这些进展对于在气候变化下维持玉米生产和全球粮食安全至关重要.

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