轴突修剪和髓化与年龄相关的差异可能会改变自闭症谱系障碍的神经信号
Kari L Hanson1,2, Thomas Avino2, Sandra L Taylor3
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Molecular autism
|October 24, 2025
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 显示出非典型的叶白质发育,在ASD患者中减少修剪和更薄的髓质,表明神经通信受损. 这些发现突出了ASD中大脑连接的差异.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 自闭症研究 自闭症研究
背景情况:
- 神经元连接在发育过程中通过轴突修剪和髓化来改进.
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 与白质体积和连接能力的改变有关,可能会影响社会行为.
- 在ASD中非典型的前额叶皮层连接性包括局部超连接性和远程低连接性.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的男性和神经类型 (NT) 对照者之间叶白质超结构的年龄相关差异.
- 量化上旋 (STG) 和状旋 (FG) 的表面白质 (SWM) 和深白质 (DWM) 中的轴突密度和髓厚度.
主要方法:
- 用电子显微镜分析了来自27个年龄相匹配的死后大脑 (ASD和NT对照,年龄2-44岁) 的54个叶白质样本.
- 轴突密度和髓厚度在STG和FG的定义SWM和DWM区域中得到量化.
- 轴的大小根据内部直径进行分类,以评估与年龄相关的变化.
主要成果:
- 在NT大脑中,在STG和FGSWM中,轴突密度随着年龄的增长而下降,而大轴突的髓厚度增加.
- 与对照组相比,ASD病例在STG SWM中显示出较高的小轴突密度,而在FG SWM中没有明显的与年龄相关的变化.
- 在ASD大脑中的大直径轴突比STG和FG区域的对照对象具有显著较薄的髓层.
结论:
- 叶白质的发育在自闭症中是不典型的,其特点是减少修剪和局部过度连接.
- 患有自闭症的个体在STG SWM中保持高密度的小轴突,这表明神经细化受损.
- 在ASD中缺乏与年龄相关的髓厚度增加,这意味着神经传递效率降低,可能会导致ASD在整个生命周期中的非典型连接.
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