自闭症和精神分裂症谱系障碍:对患者体验的现象学定性研究
Aleksandra Jeličić1,2,3, Maja Drobnič Radobuljac2,3, Louis Sass4
1Student Health Centre of the University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|October 24, 2025
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和精神分裂症谱系障碍 (SSD) 分享行为症状,使诊断复杂化. 这项研究揭示了不同的主观经验,突出了SSD的自我认知和ASD的社交互动的差异,有助于差异诊断.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 现象学的现象学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和精神分裂谱系障碍 (SSD) 呈现重叠的行为症状,特别是在社会功能方面,导致频繁的误诊.
- 这两种疾病的神经发育性质和频谱特征使差异诊断复杂化,需要检查患者的主观经验.
研究的目的:
- 用现象学方法比较研究ASD和SSD个体的主观经验.
- 识别ASD和SSD之间的自我,世界和人际关系体验的定性相似之处和差异.
主要方法:
- 对42名参与者 (15-26岁) 进行了深入采访,他们具有平均智力,没有急性精神症状.
- 异常自我体验检查 (EASE) 和异常世界体验检查 (EAWE) 的部分应用来评估主观体验.
主要成果:
- 在EASE领域发现了显著的差异,与ASD相比,在SSD中存在较高水平的最小自我障碍,划界现象,偏执焦虑,短期记忆障碍和神奇思维,在SSD中存在较高水平的自我障碍,划界现象,偏执焦虑,短期记忆障碍和神奇思维.
- 重叠的经历包括强迫性思维,注意力问题,减少存在,社会焦虑和超反射性.
- 在EAWE的定性重叠包括社会互动异常,听觉感知强度增加和共感,在这些重叠中发现了定性差异.
结论:
- 尽管有行为重叠,但ASD和SSD之间主观经验的定性差异是显著的.
- 研究结果表明,SSD中存在"ipseity" (自我性) 的核心障碍,而ASD中则存在主干主体性缺陷.
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