住院患者的静脉输液:最佳实践的审查
J Lane Wilson1, Matthew Decker2, Chelsie Cain2
1Associate Professor, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine, University Health Lakewood Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
Missouri medicine
|October 24, 2025
概括
对住院患者来说,明智地使用静脉注射液体是关键. 在大多数情况下,平衡晶体合物比正常盐水具有优势,但特定情况可能需要正常盐水或其他类型的流体.
科学领域:
- 内部医学 内部医学
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學.
- 关键护理医学 关键护理医学
背景情况:
- 静脉注射 (IV) 液体是住院患者的常见干预措施.
- 输液液的选择会影响患者的治疗结果,并可能导致不良事件.
- 了解不同类型的输液液的适当使用对于临床实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查住院患者适当使用各种静脉注射液类型的情况.
- 为了比较平衡晶体与正常盐水的益处和风险.
- 概述特定的IV液体配方,如高性盐水和低性液体的指示.
主要方法:
- 文献综述和对IV流体治疗现有证据的综合.
- 临床情景和流体选择标准的分析.
- 讨论与特定类型的液体相关的不良事件,例如正常盐水.
主要成果:
- 平衡的晶体体通常为例行液体复苏提供比正常盐水的优势,尽管结果差异通常很小.
- 过度的正常盐水可以导致代谢性酸和损伤.
- 对于正常盐水 (例如,/缺乏),高性盐水 (严重的低血症) 和低性液体 (自由水缺乏) 存在特定的指示.
- 静脉注射白蛋白仅用于特定的肝硬化相关情景,不建议在晶体管上进行例行体积复苏.
结论:
- 仔细选择和管理IV液体对于优化患者的治疗结果和预防伤害至关重要.
- 均衡的晶体通常是首选的,但流体的选择应根据患者的具体状况和电解质状况量身定制.
- 密切监测患者的反应至关重要,以指导正在进行的静脉输液治疗.
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