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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Casting Protocols for the Production of Open Cell Aluminum Foams by the Replication Technique and the Effect on Porosity
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摇瓶中的泡形成及其后果

David Vonester1, Kyra Hoffmann1, Thomas Palmen1

  • 1AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany.

Engineering in life sciences
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
概括

震动瓶中的泡形成,特别是非混的泡,可以意外地增加氧气传输能力 (OTRmax) 并降低实验可重复性. 这项研究调查了摇瓶种植中泡的原因和影响.

关键词:
形成泡形成的泡.最大的氧气传输能力.在线粘度测量在线粘度测量阶段外现象 阶段外现象震动瓶子的震动瓶子

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科学领域:

  • 生物技术和生物工艺工程
  • 微生物培养和发酵技术的微生物培养和发酵技术
  • 过程分析技术 过程分析技术

背景情况:

  • 泡形成是混合发酵中已知的问题,但在摇瓶种植中经常被忽视.
  • 一般认为,非混的震动瓶可以防止发泡,但在特定条件下,情况并不总是如此.
  • 了解摇瓶中的泡动力学对于准确的实验解释和过程优化至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究摇瓶中的泡形成现象,特别是非混系统.
  • 为了确定泡对最大氧气传输能力 (OTRmax) 的影响.
  • 评估泡对震动瓶实验可重复性的影响.

主要方法:

  • 在各种工艺条件下对摇瓶中的泡形成的实验研究.
  • 在有或没有泡的情况下测量氧气传递能力 (OTRmax).
  • 分析诱发发泡的因素,包括容器内部和培养现象.

主要成果:

  • 摇瓶中的泡可以将最大的氧气传输容量 (OTRmax) 提高三倍.
  • 这种OTRmax的增加显著改变了工艺条件,对实验可重复性产生了负面影响.
  • 发泡可以由容器组件,如分歧或传感器斑点引起,并且与相外现象有关,特别是在高粘度时.

结论:

  • 摇瓶中的泡形成是改变工艺条件的重要因素,必须考虑.
  • 由于发泡而观察到的OTRmax的增加可能导致误导性结果和降低可重现性.
  • 建议采用确保相位培养和不受阻碍的液体流动的策略,以减轻摇瓶中的泡.