在肠道微生物群介导的脂肪沉积和代谢障碍的调节方面最近的进展
Xiaoyan Cui1, Qianwen Yuan1, Jiali Long1
1College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
Microbiome research reports
|October 24, 2025
概括
肠道微生物群通过短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸等代谢物影响脂质代谢. 调节肠道细菌为人类和牲畜的代谢障碍提供了治疗潜力.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 代谢科学 代谢科学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 肠道微生物群在调节宿主脂质代谢方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 微生物代谢物和宿主信号通路是这种调节的关键媒介.
- 失生症与肥胖,T2D和NAFLD等代谢障碍有关.
研究的目的:
- 阐明肠道微生物群影响脂质代谢的机制.
- 探索微生物代谢物 (SCFA,胆酸,BCAA) 和微生物成分 (LPS) 在代谢调节中的作用.
- 审查动物和人类微生物群调节的策略,以促进代谢健康.
主要方法:
- 对有关肠道微生物群和脂质代谢的现有文献的综述.
- 微生物代谢物 (SCFA,胆酸,BCAA) 和它们的信号通路 (GPR41/43,FXR,TGR5,TLR4-NF-κB,mTORC1-PPARγ) 的分析.
- 检查牲畜中的微生物群调节技术 (益生菌,食干预,FMT) 以及它们对脂肪沉积的影响.
主要成果:
- 短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 抑制肝脏脂质生成并增强线粒体β-氧化.
- 胆汁酸调节脂质生成和脂肪热生成.
- 脂聚糖 (LPS) 加剧胰岛素抵抗和脂肪炎症,而BCAA则驱动脂肪生成.
- 牲畜中的微生物群调节影响脂肪沉积,FMT证实了微生物因果关系.
结论:
- 肠道微生物群失生症通过改变的代谢物和炎症导致代谢障碍.
- 微生物代谢物如SCFA和胆酸可以改善代谢炎症.
- 准肠道微生物群为人类和动物的代谢疾病提供了一个有希望的治疗途径.
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