相关实验视频
Updated: Jan 6, 2026
08:47
Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
Published on: February 2, 2020
13.4K
老年人抗胆固醇药物的风险分类 (ORCA):一个德尔菲小组验证的尺度
Ine Simal1,2, Annemie Somers1,3, Jesper Ryg4,5,6
1Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
Age and ageing
|October 24, 2025
概括
新的抗胆固醇药物老年人风险分类 (ORCA) 尺度有助于临床医生评估老年人药物风险. 这种基于证据的工具有助于为这一群体制定更安全的处方和更好的治疗决策.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 临床药理学 临床药理学
- 药品安全 药品安全
背景情况:
- 具有抗胆性质 (DAP) 的药物通常用于老年人,但与认知衰退和跌倒等不良结果有关.
- 现有的抗胆固醇剂量表缺乏临床前景,并且差异很大,阻碍了实际应用.
- 抗胆固醇药物老年人风险分类 (ORCA) 尺度是为了将临床专业知识与证据相结合而开发的.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证专门针对老年人的临床知情,基于证据的抗胆固醇药物负担量表.
- 提供一种标准化工具,用于评估老年人群中与DAP相关的风险.
主要方法:
- 一个初步的药物清单是从系统审查中编制的.
- 进行了两轮的德尔菲过程,涉及14名欧洲老年医学和临床药理学专家.
- 专家使用四点的利克特度量表来评价药物抗胆固醇负担,通过林恩方法确定共识.
主要成果:
- 评估了233种药物,17种药物被归类为没有抗胆性质,115种药物被归类为低抗胆性,31种药物被归类为中度抗胆性,65种药物被归类为高抗胆性.
- 中枢神经系统药物,特别是抗精神病药物和抗抑郁药物,构成了大多数被评估的DAP.
- 对于五种药物没有达成共识.
结论:
- 该ORCA尺度为老年人提供了标准化,临床信息和基于证据的DAP分类.
- 该尺度旨在提高处方安全性,并为临床医生,药剂师和研究人员指导治疗决策.
- 该ORCA尺度解决了对可靠工具的关键需求,以管理脆弱人群中的抗胆固醇负担.
相关概念视频
01:15Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients
199
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
199
01:27Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
172
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
172
01:00Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution
200
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
200
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
559
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
559
01:22Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption
201
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
201
01:18Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
214
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
214