听力损失的25年发生率和进展在弗雷明汉子女研究中的后代

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Lauren K Dillard¹, Saptaparni Ghosh², Judy R Dubno¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.

JAMA network open

|October 24, 2025

概括

超过一半的成年人经历了25年来听力损失. 年龄较大,教育程度较低,噪音暴露和高血压是导致听力损失发生率和进展的关键风险因素.

科学领域:

听力学和老年学.
慢性病的流行病学慢性病的流行病学

背景情况:

听力损失是一种常见的慢性疾病,影响着老年人,对其发生率和进展的了解有限.
与年龄相关的听力损失的自然史和促成因素需要进一步调查.

研究的目的:

为了确定25年累计发病率和听力损失的进展在老年成人队列.
确定与听力损失的发展和恶化相关的人口,生活方式和临床因素.

主要方法:

纵向队列研究利用来自弗雷明汉姆后代研究 (1995-2022) 的数据.
包括436名患有听力损失发病风险的参与者和511名进行进展分析.
听力损失定义为纯色调平均值 (PTA) >25dB HL;随着PTA的年度增长而进展. 回归模型分析了与风险因素的关联.

主要成果:

听力损失的25年累计发病率为56.2%.
在25年内,听力损失的平均进展为15.1dB.
与年龄较大,教育程度较低,噪音暴露相关的事件听力损失. 在老年人中,与年龄较大,女性性别,教育程度较低,高血压和更高的舒张血压相关的进展.

结论:

在25岁以上的老年人中,听力损失是高度偶然和渐进的.
诸如年龄,教育,噪音暴露和高血压等因素有很大影响.
调查结果强调听力损失是潜在的预防策略的主要公共卫生问题.

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相关概念视频

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.