仍然是虚假的:关于试图恢复认知能力的评论倾斜
Kimmo Sorjonen1, Bo Melin1, Gustav Nilsonne1,2
1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
PloS one
|October 24, 2025
概括
这项研究表明,与能力倾斜相关的发现,代表个体内认知能力的差异,可能是虚假的. 以前关于增量有效性和对这些倾斜的环境影响的说法被证明是统计方法的工件.
科学领域:
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
背景情况:
- 能力倾斜,定义为认知能力 (例如,数学与语言技能) 的个人差异,已被调查其有效性和环境影响.
- 之前的研究表明,倾斜比构成能力具有增量有效性,并且"倾斜超剩余"受共同环境因素的影响,支持认知专业化假设.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地重新评估有关能力倾斜的发现的统计有效性.
- 为了证明以前报告的增量有效性和对能力倾斜的环境影响是虚假的.
- 驳斥能力倾斜反映了真正的认知专业化或适应环境因素的说法.
主要方法:
- 对能力倾斜现有数据的统计再分析.
- 检查共享环境因素对"倾斜超剩余物"的影响.
- 对双胞胎对共同的变量 (例如年龄) 的调整如何影响倾斜变异的分析.
主要成果:
- 能力倾斜的所谓增量有效性是一个统计学工件,源于其组成能力的增量有效性.
- 归因于"倾斜超剩余"的共享环境方差是控制对内变量 (如年龄) 的工件.
- 基于环境因素的认知专业化的发现被这些统计文物所破坏.
结论:
- 支持能力倾斜的独立有效性和意义的证据很弱,因为关键发现似乎是虚假的.
- 解释能力倾斜作为认知专业化或适应指标的解释需要重新评估,因为统计文物.
- 研究人员在解释与能力倾斜相关的相关性和增量有效性时应谨慎行事.
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