机器学习在人口和公共卫生中的应用:开发,测试和实施指南.
Andrew D Pinto1,2,3,4, Sharon Birdi1, Steve Durant1
1Upstream Lab, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada, 1 4168646060 ext 76148.
JMIR public health and surveillance
|October 24, 2025
概括
机器学习 (ML) 为公共卫生提供了强大的工具,但可以产生有偏见的结果. 新的指导方针涉及伦理ML使用,重点关注弱势社区,透明度和风险评估,以获得公平的健康结果.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 机器学习 (ML) 是人工智能的一个子集,在人口和公共卫生方面越来越多地用于疾病爆发预测和干预评估等任务.
- 尽管它的实用性,但由于数据质量,分析方向和解释问题,ML可以产生偏差的输出.
- 目前,对于ML在公共卫生中的伦理应用缺乏具体指导方针.
研究的目的:
- 制定基于证据的指导方针,用于在人口和公共卫生中道德和有效地使用机器学习.
- 解决潜在的偏见,并确保在各种健康环境中公平地应用ML工具.
主要方法:
- 组建了一个多学科的专家团队,包括计算机科学,流行病学,伦理学和公共卫生方面的专家.
- 用文献评论和修改后的Delphi流程来确定关键建议.
- 该过程重点是为利益相关者采取实际的,操作性的步骤.
主要成果:
- 确定了五个关键建议:优先考虑弱势社区,在动态情况下进行道德使用,进行风险和偏见评估,确保技术透明度和可重复性,并促进多学科对话.
- 这些建议旨在减轻与ML相关的偏见,并促进意识.
- 这些指导方针为利益相关者提供了操作步骤,以确保ML工具是有效的,道德的和可行的.
结论:
- 开发的指导方针为公共卫生中负责任的ML实施提供了一个框架.
- 遵守这些建议可以帮助确保公平有效地使用ML工具.
- 促进对话和透明度对于减轻ML偏见在公共卫生中的潜在危害至关重要.
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