矿业负债是热带河流中有毒金属和物理化学污染物的来源
Johanna Rojas-Conejo1, Francisco Picado-Pavón2, Cornelis A M van Gestel3
1Water Resources Center for Central America and the Caribbean (HIDROCEC-UNA), Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica; Francisco Picado Pavón, Environmental Mercury Laboratory, Center for Research in Aquatic Resources of Nicaragua (CIRA/UNAN-Managua), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Nicaragua.
Journal of contaminant hydrology
|October 24, 2025
概括
废弃矿场的采矿污染使河流被,和等金属污染. 河流沉积物中的这些金属会损害盆地宏观无脊椎动物,影响水生生态系统.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 水生生态学 水生生态学
背景情况:
- 全球采矿活动导致大量的河流污染,释放有害污染物.
- 哥斯达黎加的传统采矿活动导致圣何塞和卡纳斯河的金属污染.
- 这种污染对水生生态系统和人类健康构成风险.
研究的目的:
- 调查矿业负债产生的水和沉积物中的金属度是否会成为地宏观无脊椎动物的暴露来源.
- 将生物体中的金属度与暴露度联系起来,并评估水质的空间变化.
- 了解采矿负债对河流生态系统的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自圣何塞和卡纳斯河的水和沉积物样本中的金属度 (,,).
- 收集和分析盆地宏观无脊椎动物以确定金属积累.
- 评估水的物理化学特性及其空间分布.
- 沉积物中的金属度与宏无脊椎动物中的金属负荷相关.
主要成果:
- 水中的金属度低于量化限值,但沉积物样本显示出高水平的,和.
- 圣何塞河沉积物中的高和度与较少的宏观无脊椎动物家族相关.
- 较小的大无脊椎动物比较大的无脊椎动物积累了更高的,和度.
- 沉积物金属丰富和空间异质性增加了宏无脊椎动物的暴露,特别是对的暴露.
结论:
- 采矿负债通过沉积物的金属污染对圣何塞河和卡纳斯河产生重大影响.
- 沉积物结合的金属对盆地宏观无脊椎动物构成重大暴露风险,影响它们的丰富性,生存和生长.
- 金属在沉积物中的分布,土生物中的积累和水质变化之间存在强烈的相关性,证实了采矿负债的生态影响.
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