估计荷尔斯坦牛的乳汁产量和挤奶特征的遗传参数
B Sitkowska1, K Siatka2, H Ghiasi3
1Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience
|October 24, 2025
概括
估计了奶牛的遗传参数,揭示了对牛奶产量和乳头四分之一的奶制特征的显著遗传和环境影响. 包括没有四分之一划分的整体遗传参数可以提高选择的准确性.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
背景情况:
- 提高奶牛的遗传潜力需要考虑动物的健康状况,乳液形状和适合奶的情况.
- 自动挤奶系统为遗传参数估计提供了大量数据.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计牛奶产量的遗传参数和季度水平的挤奶特征,在原始的波兰霍尔斯坦-弗里西亚牛.
- 评估遗传和环境因素对这些特征在不同乳腺季度和哺乳期的影响.
主要方法:
- 采用了1891头原生母牛的数据,这些母牛被莱利宇航员A4机器人挤奶.
- 使用Wombat软件,估计牛奶产量,挤奶时间,挤奶速度,电导率,附着号码和附着时间的遗传参数.
- 分析了45,9607个每日记录.
主要成果:
- 后面的乳腺四分之一产生更多的牛奶,需要比前方四分之一更长的挤奶和附着时间.
- 左后四分之一的电导率 (EC) 显示出最高的遗传性 (0.427).
- 对于EC (0.733) 和挤奶速度 (MS) (0.508) 的共同环境影响最高. 对于EC,挤奶时间 (MT) 和MS的遗传性 (h2 ) 根据季度和哺乳日有显著差异 (0.2060.503).
结论:
- 遗传和环境因素都显著影响了母乳养特征,在乳头四分之一观察到的变化.
- 附着数和附着时间表现出最低的遗传性,这表明遗传控制有限.
- 基因参数估计,不分为乳腺四分之一或哺乳期,可能更适合选择计划.
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