关于乳酸代谢的基因组学观点
Nanzhen Qiao1, Michael G Gänzle1
1University of Alberta, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Food microbiology
|October 24, 2025
概括
乳酸细菌起到不同的作用,从益生菌到病原体,影响人类健康和食物. 这篇评论将它们的新陈代谢,由基因组学告知,与它们的各种生态和功能联系起来.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 代谢工程是代谢工程.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 乳酸细菌 (LAB) 与人类有着复杂的关系,充当有益的益生菌,共生菌和潜在的病原体.
- LAB显著影响食品质量和安全,同时作为发酵剂和腐烂生物体.
- 由于LAB的多面性作用,LAB的碳水化合物代谢已被广泛研究了一个多世纪.
研究的目的:
- 将现有的乳酸代谢知识与LAB的当前基因组数据相结合.
- 阐明区分同发酵和异发酵LAB的代谢策略.
- 探索生态适应如何塑造LAB的代谢偏好.
主要方法:
- 对LAB碳水化合物代谢现有文献的综述.
- 对各种LAB物种可用的基因组信息的分析.
- 代谢途径和生态的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 同发酵和异发酵LAB表现出不同的能量生成途径和基质利用,导致不同的生态分布.
- 许多LAB拥有电子传递链,可使用各种终端电子受体,包括氧气,酸盐和铁.
- 有机酸和二醇的新陈代谢增强了LAB的抗酸性和静止阶段的生存能力.
- 不同的代谢特征与特定的生态相关,区分昆虫相关的,脊椎动物与宿主适应的,自由生活的和化的LAB.
结论:
- 了解LAB的代谢偏好,与植物遗传和生态适应有关,对于选择合适的初始培养至关重要.
- 这些知识支持了传统和创新的食品发酵工艺的发展.
- 基因组洞察力显著提高了我们对LAB代谢多样性和生态作用的理解.
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