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相关概念视频

Social Foundations of Self I: Play and Game01:24

Social Foundations of Self I: Play and Game

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The development of self in children is deeply rooted in social interactions, mainly through stages of play and structured games. These stages, outlined by sociologist George Herbert Mead, illustrate how children progressively learn to understand and adopt social roles, forming a cohesive sense of self.The Play Stage: Imitation and Simple Role-TakingIn the early years of childhood, the play stage is characterized by imitative behavior, where children engage in role-playing based on familiar...
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Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

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The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

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Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
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Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development

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The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone, blending...
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants
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计算方法揭示了探索性游戏中的发展转变.

Joseph Colantonio1, Ilona Bass1,2, Yee Lee Shing3

  • 1Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Developmental science
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
概括

年长的孩子在游戏中更有变化地探索,坚持更少. 计算马尔科夫模型揭示了探索策略的发展转变,特别是新玩具,有助于理解认知发展.

关键词:
马尔科夫建模的模型认知发展 认知发展探索性游戏 探索性游戏

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Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants
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Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
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科学领域:

  • 认知发展 认知发展
  • 计算建模 计算建模
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学

背景情况:

  • 探索性游戏对认知发展至关重要,但对其转变的定量表征是有限的.
  • 编码和分析儿童游戏行为的挑战阻碍了对发育变化的研究.

研究的目的:

  • 通过计算建模,量化描述儿童探索性游戏模式的发展变化.
  • 为了研究儿童的探索策略如何从早期到中年儿童 (3-11岁) 变化.

主要方法:

  • 分析了432名儿童在五个不同的探索任务中的行为数据.
  • 行为逐步编码:重复行为,切换目标或终止游戏.
  • 运用计算马尔科夫模型来量化特定儿童的过渡概率 (停留,切换,结束).

主要成果:

  • 年长的孩子表现出减少了坚持 (重复行动) 和增加了转向新目标.
  • 年长的孩子更有可能更早地完成任务,这表明探索策略的转变.
  • 在新玩具探索任务中,发育效应最为明显.

结论:

  • 马尔科夫模型有效量化了儿童探索性游戏中的发展变化.
  • 年长的孩子表现出更大的探索性变化和更少的坚持,有取决于背景的变化.
  • 这些发现与先前的研究相协调,强调任务结构的相互作用和探索策略的发展变化.